Fertilizer that puts CO₂ back in the soil
Finely milled basalt on cropland can lock >1 ton CO₂/ha/yr and improve soil health. Join us to scale the world’s most cost-effective carbon-removal solution.
Learn moreFinely milled basalt on cropland can lock >1 ton CO₂/ha/yr and improve soil health. Join us to scale the world’s most cost-effective carbon-removal solution.
Learn more→ Our hydrogel-based pellets anchor in the root zone and can be applied using standard farm equipment.
CWe release Ca, Mg, K while improving water retention under dry conditions—adding agronomic value today.
The hydrogel matrix optimizes basalt-soil contact, accelerating CO₂ → carbonate conversion.
Easy to store, bulk transportable, and capable of being spread with existing tools.
In trials: 0.7t CO₂/ha/yr on temperate cropland. At ~10% global farmland coverage, we unlock gigaton-scale impact.
Demonstrated 15% corn yield in 2025 EU plots. Basalt adds essential nutrients and stabilizes pH..
CCarbonates formed are stable for >10,000 years — no reversal risk, no buffer pools needed.
Grinding + transport uses ~25–40 kWh per ton CO₂. With mine-waste basalt, we estimate ~$100/ton CO₂ removal.
We are building an ecosystem-first carbon removal platform — enabling gigaton-scale CO₂ drawdown through soil-based solutions.
WWe partner with farmers across Europe to deliver climate impact and promote regenerative agriculture. Science is central.
Every project is measured, verified, and transparently reported.
CO2 & Atmosphere
Rae, J. W. B. et al. Atmospheric CO2 over the Past 66 Million Years from Marine Archives. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 49, 609–641 (2021).
Climate Change
Shukla, P. R. et al. IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press (2022).The Climate Book. (Penguin Random House UK, 2022).State of CO2
Smith, S. M. et al. The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal - 1st Edition. (The State of Carbon Dioxide Removal, 2023).
Natural weathering estimates
Frings, P. J. Palaeoweathering: How Do Weathering Rates Vary with Climate? Elements 15, 259–265 (2019).
Hartmann, J., Jansen, N., Dürr, H. H., Kempe, S. & Köhler, P. Global CO2-consumption by chemical weathering: What is the contribution of highly active weathering regions? Glob. Planet. Change 69, 185–194 (2009).
Kasting, J. F. The Goldilocks Planet? How Silicate Weathering Maintains Earth “Just Right”. Elements 15, 235–240 (2019).
Porder, S. How Plants Enhance Weathering and How Weathering is Important to Plants. Elements 15, 241–246 (2019).
Renforth, P. The negative emission potential of alkaline materials. Nat. Commun. 10, 1401 (2019).
Weathering - silicate vs. carbonate minerals
Liu, Z., Dreybrodt, W. & Liu, H. Atmospheric CO2 sink: Silicate weathering or carbonate weathering? Appl. Geochemistry 26, S292–S294 (2011).
Palandri, J. L. & Kharaka, Y. K. A compilation of rate parameters of water-mineral interaction kinetics for application to geochemical modelling. Open-File Report (2004).
Overview papers
Hartmann, J. et al. Enhanced chemical weathering as a geoengineering strategy to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide, supply nutrients, and mitigate ocean acidification. Rev. Geophys. 51, 113–149 (2013).
Renforth, P. & Henderson, G. Assessing ocean alkalinity for carbon sequestration. Rev. Geophys. 55, 636–674 (2017)..
Enhanced weathering field studies
Almaraz, M. et al. Methods for determining the CO2 removal capacity of enhanced weathering in agronomic settings. Frontiers in Climate 4, (2022).
Dietzen, C. & Rosing, M. T. Quantification of CO2 uptake by enhanced weathering of silicate minerals applied to acidic soils. Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control 125, 103872 (2023).
Hamilton, S. K., Kurzman, A. L., Arango, C., Jin, L. & Robertson, G. P. Evidence for carbon sequestration by agricultural liming. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 21, (2007).
Holzer, I. O., Nocco, M. A. & Houlton, B. Z. Direct evidence for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal via enhanced weathering in cropland soil. Environ. Res. Commun. 5, 101004 (2023).
Knapp, W. J. et al. Quantifying CO2 Removal at Enhanced Weathering Sites: a Multiproxy Approach. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2023).
Larkin, C. S. et al. Quantification of CO2 removal in a large-scale enhanced weathering field trial on an oil palm plantation in Sabah, Malaysia. Frontiers in Climate 4, (2022).
Enhanced weathering modelling studies
Beerling, D. J. et al. Potential for large-scale CO2 removal via enhanced rock weathering with croplands. Nature 583, 242–248 (2020).
Kantzas, E. P. et al. Substantial carbon drawdown potential from enhanced rock weathering in the United Kingdom. Nat. Geosci. 15, 382–389 (2022).
Zeng, S., Liu, Z. & Groves, C. Large-scale CO2 removal by enhanced carbonate weathering from changes in land-use practices. Earth-Science Rev. 225, 103915 (2022).
Andrews, M. G. & Taylor, L. L. Combating Climate Change Through Enhanced Weathering of Agricultural Soils. Elements 15, 253–258 (2019).
Carbon credits accounting
Brander, M., Ascui, F., Scott, V. & Tett, S. Carbon accounting for negative emissions technologies. Clim. Policy 21, 699–717 (2021).
Brander, M. & Broekhoff, D. Discounting emissions from temporarily stored carbon creates false claims on contribution to cumulative emissions and temperature alignment. SSRN (2023).
Fridahl, M., Hansson, A. & Haikola, S. Towards Indicators for a Negative Emissions Climate Stabilisation Index: Problems and Prospects. Climate 8, (2020).
Russel, S. Estimating and Reporting the Comparative Emissions Impacts of Products. (2019).
Subke, J.-A., Kutzbach, L. & Risk, D. Soil Chamber Measurements BT - Springer Handbook of Atmospheric Measurements. in (ed. Foken, T.) 1603–1624 (Springer International Publishing, 2021).
If you are interested, please send your latest research to contact@carbondrop.net